As the lowpressure steam comes in contact with the cooling water, it condenses and turns into water. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Reichhelm hudson products corporation houston, texas even the nonspecialist purchaser of an aircooled steam condenser can apply these guidelines to. Its getting cold and dark outside, so ive got to rig something for indoor running. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. The main purpose of a steam condenser in turbine is to maintain a low back pressure on the exhaust side of the steam turbine after releasing from nozzles, the steam has to expand to a great extent for converting available energy into it to usable mechanical work. The result is a condenser specifically engineered to meet the needs of your application. All steam turbines can be classified into two categories.
Condenser laboratory, a range of laboratory glassware used to remove heat from fluids surface condenser, a heat exchange installed in steamelectric power stations to condense turbine exhaust steam into water. The steam condenser receives exhaust steam from one end and gets in contact with the cooling water flowed within it form the cooling tower. This application is widespread in heat exchangers, from being part of a condenser and evaporator refrigeration cycle in a chiller, to condensing steam in surface condensers, and everything in between. During condensation, the working substance changes its phase from vapour to liquid and rejects latent heat. Design and specification of aircooled steam condensers m. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The figure above shows the longitudinal section of a two pass surface condenser. The twelfth edition of the standards for steam surface condensers represents another step in the heat exchange institutes continuing program to provide standards that reflect the latest technological advancement in the field of condensing equipment. However, there are many other applications in which condensers are used, and a wide variety of condenser types has been developed. Most common uses for this condenser are domestic refrigerators, upright freezers and in residential packaged air conditioning units. A steam condenser is a piece of machinery that turns steam into water.
Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. In surface condensers, there is no direct contact between the exhaust steam and the cooling water. Condensation can be done by removing heat from exhaust steam using circulating cooling water. In large turbine plants, the condensate recovery becomes very important and this is also made possible by the use of. Steam condenser is a heat exchanger used in a condensing turbine. A liquid ring vacuum pump andor steamjet air ejector is used to maintain vacuum in a condenser. In a steam condenser, steam is always condensed with help of cooling water, but the techniques are different for different condensers. Firstly, cooling water is passed through a series of tubes and steam passes over the tubes. In jet condensers there is direct contact between the exhaust steam and cooling water. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Both of these steam turbine types have their own operating schemes and benefits which are described here in detail. In condensers the refrigerant gives up the heat that is has absorbed in the evaporator.
Condenser heat transfer, a device or unit used to condense vapor into liquid. Technological investigations and efficiency analysis of a steam heat. Steam condenser power plant stock photos download 99. Condenser is a device in which steam is condensed to water at a pressure less than atmosphere. A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid e. The essential objective in surface condenser design is to provide equal access of vapor to all the surface. The use of condenser in steam power plant reduces the overall cost. The heat from the system is rejected either to atmosphere air or to the water used as cooling medium. Steam condenser article about steam condenser by the. Huge circulating water pumps are used in power plant to cool down exhaust steam in condenser steam power plant. Steam turbine is a type of turbomachine which is an assembly of nozzles and.
The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. Standards for steam surface condensers, 12th edition. Condenser the main purposes of the condenser are to condense the exhaust steam from the turbine for reuse in the cycle and to maximize turbine efficiency by maintaining proper vacuum. The steam can be condensed in surface steam condenser in two ways. Secondly, the steam is passed through a series of tubes and water is allowed to flow in the form of thin film outside the tubes.
Steam condensation analysis in a power plant condenser. Pdf on apr 3, 2018, mohd parvez and others published steam. These types of condensers eject heat to the outdoors and are simple to install. It is a closed space into which the steam exits the turbine and is forced to give up its latent heat of vaporization. This type of application utlizes dry cooling towers. The increased steam quality will result in a higher heat load at the steam side, which allows a higher rotational speed of fan to be free of freezing for aircooled condenser. It is a device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released by steam is absorbed by water. The steam condensers are broadly classified into two types. The surface condenser is designed to condense and deaerate the exhaust steam from the main turbine and provide a heat sink for the turbine bypass system.
Thermal efficiency of a closed cycle power developing system using steam as working fluid and working on carnot cycle is given by an expression t 1 t 2t 1. Whereas the previous edition was mainly focused on conducting a rigorous fullscale acceptance test, the current edition includes a less rigorous test that would also be. A steam condenser has the following two objectives. In down flow condensers exhaust steam enters at the top and flows downward. The main object of steam condenser is to maintain a low pressure below the atmospheric pressure so as to obtain the maximum possible energy from steam and thus to secure a high efficiency and to supply pure feed water to the hot well, from where it is pumped back to the boiler. Khalil department of mechanical power engineering, cairo university, cairo, egypt. Jet condenser and surface condenser learn and grow. The condenser operates in a strong vacuum while withstanding the impact of millions of pounds of steam each hour on the outside of the tubes and millions of gallons of cold water flowing through. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for.
Design and specification of aircooled steam condensers. Global supplier of steam condensers and related technology. Condenser is a heat exchanger in which heat transfer from refrigerant to a cooling medium takes place. Steam condenser is a device in which the exhaust steam from steam turbine is condensed by means of cooling water. Plate condensers are used mainly for smaller power plants.
An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for steam. Quality and innovation go into the building of each ecolaire steam surface condenser. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Steam turbines may be classified into different categories depending on their construction, working pressures, size and many other parameters. The exhaust steam and cooling water find their entry at the top of the condenser and then flow downwards and condensate and water are finally collected at the bottom. Condenser tubes are specifically designed to efficiently condense process fluid off of the outside of the tube. The steam condenser is an essential component of all modern steam power plants. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Requires small floor space 4 the condensate cannot be used as feed water to boiler unless it is free from impurities 5 more. Heat liberated from turbine exhaust steam is removed by either water or air, or a combination of these. Surface condensers can be classified into varies types depending upon the position of condensate extraction pump, flow of condensate and arrangement of tubes. The exhausted steam from the lp turbines is condensed by passing over tubes containing water from the cooling system. A condenser creates the lowest possible turbine back pressure by evacuating air from a condenser shell. Refer to the instruction manual for the vacuum venting equipment for.
Air cooled if the condenser is located on the outside of the unit, the air cooled condenser can provide the easiest arrangement. The condensate condensed steam thus formed together with the air and other noncondensable gases is continuously removed by pumps or similar other devices. As the operating pressure of the condenser is lowered vacuum is increased, the enthalpy drop of the expanding steam in the turbine will also increase. A sample analysis of this type is shown in the diagram in fig. Motor driven mechanical vacuum pumps, such as the liquid ring type, are. I dont wish to stink up the house with oily steam exhaust, nor raise humidity levels around my electronics, so. Heat exchanger knowledge heat exchanger companies suppliers. The steam and cooling water enter the condenser from opposite directions. Early attempts to provide overall heat transfer coefficients for the design of steam condensers took no account of the detailed layout of the tubenest, e. The main function of condenser is to convert gaseous form of exhaust steam into liquid form at a pressure of below atmosphere. The steam condenser, shown in figure 9 below, is a major component of the steam cycle in power generation facilities.
Large steam system condensers heat exchanger engineers. Water is heated into steam, the steam provides motivation for a process, a steam condenser turns it back into water and the cycle begins again. After the turbine the steam goes to condenser where it loses its latent heat and changes phase from steam to liquid. The main steam condenser mc system is designed to condense and deaerate the exhaust steam from the main turbine and provide a heat sink for the turbine bypass system. One of the main components of air conditioning and refrigeration system is the condenser. Many steambased systems use a circuit of water to maximize their efficiency. Tubular condensers used in power plant to condense exhaust steam are known as surface condensers. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its.
Surface condenser is a type of steam condenser in which the steam and cooling water do not mix with each other. Professor mangalmay institute of engineering and technology. Down flow type condenser sectional view is shown in fig. Cooling medium is used water to convert steam into water. Steam condenser a heattransfer device used for condensing steam to water by removal of the latent heat of steam and its. The maximum temperature t 1 of the steam supplied to a steam prime. Cooling water is distributed inside the condenser in the form of a fine spray that contacts and condenses the steam. Design considerations for steam surface condensers.
Download 99 steam condenser power plant stock photos for free or amazingly low rates. Spray condensers utilize mixing or direct contact of cooling water and steam. The apparatus takes the exhaust steam that would normally be used to produce a draft for the firebox, and routes it through a heat exchanger, into the boiler water tanks. And because of this, the whole condensate can be used as boiler feed water. Abstract proposed is the analysis of steam condensation in the pres ence of. A condensing steam locomotive is a type of locomotive designed to recover exhaust steam, either in order to improve range between taking on boiler water, or to reduce emission of steam inside enclosed spaces. Plate types consisting of a series of parallel plates that provide paths for the steam and the cooling water. The efficiency of the steam power plant is increased by the use of a condenser. Here cooling water is sprayed on the exhaust steam. Depending upon condensation techniques, there are mainly two types of steam condensers.
R sekulib university of kentucky introduction a heat exchanger is a device that is used for transfer of thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a. The efficiency of the steam plant is considerably increased by the use of a condenser. This expression of efficiency shows that the efficiency increases with an increase in temperature t l and decrease in temperature t 2. Steam enters the condenser shell through the steam inlet connection usually. Where cooling water is in short supply, an aircooled condenser is often used. Steam condenser and its types from university syllabus point of view.
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